Status quo and prospect of solar cell development

The solar cell is a new type of battery that is emerging and developing. Solar cell is a device that uses the principle of photoelectric conversion to convert the radiant light of the sun into electrical energy through semiconductor materials. This photoelectric conversion is usually called photovoltaic effect, so solar cell is also called photovoltaic cell. The following is the development status and prospects of solar cells.

Solar cells can be divided into crystalline thin film type and amorphous thin film type according to the crystalline state, while the former can be divided into single crystal type and multi crystal type. According to materials, it can be divided into silicon film, compound semiconductor film and organic film, while compound semiconductor film can be divided into amorphous, IIIV, IIVI and zinc phosphide. According to the different materials used, solar cells can also be divided into: silicon solar cells, multi-component compound thin film solar cells, polymer multilayer modified electrode solar cells, nanocrystalline solar cells, and organic solar cells, among which silicon solar cells are the most mature and dominant in applications.

Although solar cells have many advantages, such as clean and efficient, and can realize the simplest power generation mode, the development status of solar cells in China is still not very optimistic. First, solar cells still have efficiency and cost problems, such as the shortage of high-purity silicon materials, which brings considerable difficulties to R&D and production. Second, China‘s solar cell research is 20 years later than that of foreign countries. Although the country has increased investment in this field year by year in the last 10 years, the investment is still insufficient, and the gap between China and foreign countries is still large. The government should strengthen policy guidance and incentive, and solve the problems of solar power grid and reasonable pricing as soon as possible. At the same time, we can learn from the successful experience of foreign countries to force the use of solar energy in public facilities, government office buildings and other fields, give full play to the exemplary role of the government, and promote the domestic market to start and develop well as soon as possible.

Prospects for solar cells: the first generation is crystalline silicon cells as the mainstream (based on silicon wafers), not based on silicon wafers, but the second generation - thin film solar cells made of copper indium (gallium) selenium or copper indium (gallium) sulfur, and the third generation may be multi junction cells based on amorphous and crystal binding materials, that is, new high-efficiency solar cells.

Solar photovoltaic power generation will occupy an important position in world energy consumption in the near future. It will not only replace some conventional energy, but also become the main body of world energy supply. It is estimated that by 2030, renewable energy will account for more than 30% of the total green, environment-friendly and energy-saving solar energy structure, and solar photovoltaic power generation will account for more than 10% of the world‘s total power supply; By 2040, renewable energy will account for more than 50% of the total energy consumption, and solar photovoltaic power generation will account for more than 20% of the total electricity; By the end of the 21st century, renewable energy will account for more than 80% of the energy structure and solar power generation will account for more than 60%. These figures are enough to show the development prospects of the solar photovoltaic industry and its important strategic position in the energy field. It can be seen that solar cells have a broad market prospect and will become the main power generation mode in the future.

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