What is the difference between the common rechargeable batteries?

Materials for rechargeable batteries

The active substance on the positive plate of lead-acid battery is lead dioxide, the active substance on the plate is spongy pure lead, the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution of a certain concentration, and the electromotive force between the plates is about 2V.

The active substance on the positive plate of the nickel-cadmium battery is nickel oxide powder, and the active substance on the negative plate is cadmium oxide powder. The active substance is wrapped in the perforated steel strip respectively, and becomes the positive and negative plates of the battery after pressure molding. The electrolyte is usually potassium hydroxide solution. The open-circuit voltage of the battery is 1.2 V.

Disposable batteries are commonly known as "disposable" batteries, because they cannot be recharged and used after they are exhausted, and can only be discarded. Common disposable batteries include alkaline manganese battery, zinc manganese battery, lithium battery, silver zinc battery, zinc air battery, zinc mercury battery and magnesium manganese battery. According to the different manufacturing materials and processes, rechargeable batteries include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-iron batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Its advantages are long cycle life. They can fully charge and discharge more than 200 times. Some rechargeable batteries have higher load capacity than most disposable batteries. In the use of common nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen batteries, the unique memory effect causes inconvenience in use and often leads to premature failure.

Ordinary batteries are disposable, while rechargeable batteries can be recharged with chargers and reused.

The nominal voltage of common No. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 single batteries is 1.5V, while that of NiMH and NiCd rechargeable batteries is 1.2V, that of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries is 3.7V, and that of lead-acid batteries is 12V.

China‘s battery exports have increased significantly, but at the same time, the development of China‘s battery industry is restricted by the EU green barriers, the cancellation of China‘s battery export tax rebate system, the rise of raw materials, and the monopoly of high-end markets by foreign enterprises. China has become the largest battery producer and the largest battery consumer in the world, but the product upgrading is not timely, and the degree of production automation and mechanization is not high. In order to adapt to the development trend of the world battery industry, China must devote itself to the research and development of new batteries such as solar cells and fuel cells, and vigorously develop high-tech battery products. The battery industry is one of the key industries in China and has a good development prospect. The battery in the 21st century has the characteristics of large capacity, high power, long life, non-pollution, safety, reliability and portability. It is a high-tech, high-yield, high-profit and high-earning foreign exchange product. With the advent of the information age, the information industry is booming. After entering the "3C" era of electronics, information and communication, electronic products are developing towards the trend of "short, small, light and thin". As an indispensable battery for electronic products, its importance is also becoming more and more significant.

Characteristic use

Nickel-cadmium: small capacity with memory effect

Nickel hydrogen: small memory effect and large capacity.

Lithium ion: no memory effect, thin body and large capacity. Due to different electrode materials, the electromotive force varies from 3V to 3.6V. Lithium battery is the largest battery in the same volume at present, and is widely used in digital cameras, laptops, mobile phones and other electronic products.

Lead storage: The electromotive force is about 12V, and the lead storage battery can be recharged repeatedly. The electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution, with small internal resistance, and is widely used in automobiles and motorcycles.

Lithium iron: more power, safer and lighter, which is the main development direction of electric vehicles in the future.

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